Company Culture Influences Behavior Within A Company

Businesses do not exist in a vacuum. It is hard to even imagine one that is completely isolated from external input. In fact, they are constantly subjected to influence from both the outside and the inside. In open systems, a relationship exists between a business and its surroundings in which awareness of that constant input and output is vital. In order for a startup company like Everyday Indulgence to move forward strategically and become successfully established, its leadership must identify and consider both internal and external environments. Stakeholders like employees, owners, and executives within a company as well as the forces that impact the way they behave make up the internal environment. Such forces include the culture†¦show more content†¦Using the example of dessert delivery service, Everyday Indulgence, setting the tone within the startup business is especially important early on, when there are only a few employees. A wide variety of tasks will be shouldered by a small team of people and there is bound to be a significant learning curve. Hiring individuals with values that are aligned with the company’s is a good start and continuous training with an ever present owner/manager will further develop employee confidence and expertise. Mentoring and training employees leads to a desirable output in the form of both product and service, while poorly trained staff produce the opposite. Communication, written, verbal, and in the form of daily staff meetings will foster an atmosphere of teamwork, support, and comradery, whereas lack of communication on such a small team will lead to disorganization and a disconnected feeling among team members. The success or failure of startup companies like Everyday Indulgence is greatly impacted by its internal environment. Also a powerful influence on a company, the external environment, including both the general and task/competitive environments, refers to all outside forces that affect said organization. Some general environmental factors are the following: laws, economy,

Slavery As A Form Of Punishment - 2010 Words

Slavery was the function in which people were being held against their will to work for minimal to no pay to earn their freedom. I believe slavery was a cruel way to treat people that are willing to work for little or no pay. I don’t think people should have been treated this way. A thought that had occurred to me while learning about slavery during this class would have been that if history would have been written differently than slavery would have not occurred. Thinking about this topic made me realize that the life I have been living I have been grateful and have not gone through a situation like this before. History has been written during this time for the slaves during this time. Life took a drastic change during one of the presidential elections. I wouldn’t want to have to constantly have adjust to being slaved against my will. Basically the mid- 19th century the whites remained doing slavery as a domain to keep the population in check. The evolution over time profound slavery as a form of punishment to the welcoming of a new focus of controlling the occupants of the colonies. I’ve come to realize that the struggle that people live upon during this time, I wouldn’t wish it upon anyone. The African slaves was used as a cheaper source of work, much more used with this other than the indentured servants who were mostly Europeans that were poor. Black slaves worked mainly on tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations of the southern coast. There were some thoughts thatShow MoreRelatedAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution879 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past form of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wanting freedomRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution885 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that was not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past forms of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wantingRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On The Southern Economy1212 Words   |  5 Pagesstates in the winter of 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment was put into play. It declared, â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude†¦shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† (Primary Documents). Officially, this amendment outlawed the practice of slavery, there was, however, an exception. That exception was the use of involuntary servitude, or slavery, as a form of punishment. More than four million African Americans walked free in 1865, this had a rather negativeRead MoreJohn Locke-Slavery828 Words   |  4 PagesLocke on the topic of slavery vary drastically from the actual events that took place in the United St ates. The experiences of Fredrick Douglas give truth to this statement. In Locke s Second Treatise of Government, he expresses the freedom that all men should have as long as they abide by the common rule of the society. In actuality, slaves may have done nothing wrong, but their freedom was still taken away from them. John Locke believed slavery should be a form of punishment for those who committedRead MoreEssay about Slave Narrative Comparison (Douglass and Morrison)1230 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent angles, they both discuss many of the same conflicts within slavery. The destruction of the family, the death of the master of the plantation, and discipline and punishment are both illustrated strongly throughout these novels. The destruction of the family is the most significant point within Beloved. The entire novel discusses how their family has been torn apart and tormented due to slavery and other acts caused by slavery. Firstly, the grandmother, Baby Suggs, is freed because her sonRead MoreChanges Of The Corrections System911 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience in the police officer side of the system, its been observed that different offenders respond differently to different approaches or explanations of punishment. History of Corrections In the early history of corrections, there were different forms of handling offenders. The different forms of punishment varied from corporal punishment, exile, or execution. Early methods of execution could include : being boiled alive, the â€Å"rack† which was used in the extreme stretching of the body untilRead MoreIn World Of Business There Are Many Methods To Make Revenue1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe business practices illegal or unethical procedures. One business that had a great amount of unethical practices between the investors and the workers was slavery in America. There are many reasons why slavery raised so many red flags in the business world and they include the type of labor the slaves had to endure, the type of punishment that the slave owners did to their slaves, racial discrimination, and verbal slander that slaves had to endure daily. In the business world today, companiesRead MoreAbolition of Slaver in the Cape1084 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the implications of the Abolition? Was the affect positive or negative from the traders and slave point of view? What impact did the end of the external slave trade have on the cape slaves and was it positive or negative? The abolition of slavery and the freedom of slaves caused a lot of hatred from the Cape settlers towards the anti-slave traders. Even before the freedom of slaves there were cases of missionary intervention on behalf of black workers who were being mistreated, they sometimesRead MoreSlavery Is A Popular Word Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is a popular word in our history books because of its past and presents. What are slaves? Slaves are individuals who are legal property of another being and is obligated to obey them. There are different types of slavery, enforced labor, sex slavery, child slavery, and domestic servitude. Enforced labor was a type of work or service that is forced to be done against their will with the warning of some sort of punishment, which mostly every type of slavery uses punishment. Sex slavery is whenRead MoreDehumanization Of Frederick Douglass1419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Black Race of People in America, as Portrayed in the Autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and the Television Show Roots   Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the beginning of American history, the black race has been the inferior race during times of slavery and times of freedom for black people. They have had to fight to be seen as legitimate first-class citizens, whether that be through slave uprisings in the pre-civil war era, the civil rights movement in the mid-1900’s, or the Black Lives Matter campaign

Impact of Water Scarcity in Australia on Global Food Security

Question: Which Resource and in Which Country/Industry are seen as Scarce and what is being done in the Industry or Country. What Substitutes have been used to Overcome this problem. Answer: Introduction The water isscarceresource in various areas of Australia.Howeverit isveryimportant resource. The water is used for drinking, domestic usage, input for different industries and therefore it isimportantpart ofAustralianeconomy. It supports the agriculturein majorway. In the past Australians believed that water was a resource which was free of charge. But do you to the broad and various limitations put to the use of water in different regions of Australia from the year 2002, has led toscarcityof water (Bettini, Brown and de Haan, 2013). In current scenario is it is considered that taking out ofexcessof water from Australian rivers or groundwater frameworks can lead to various impacts on economy and ecology. This scarcity of water can lead to deaths of the native creatures and plants, and it can also lead toextinctionof days. The agricultural activities are highly affected by the scarcity of water.In order to deal with these issues of scarcity of water, there has to be a balance among va rious demands (Abs.gov.au, 2017). Causes of issue There were 3 issues that would affect the water scarcity in the upcoming times: population rises, climate transforms and amendments in diet because of rising wealth as it would result in more use of meat, which needs additional water to generate in comparison to the grain (Flynn, 2014). Though the diet changes would not influence Australia very much as its inhabitants already consume lots of meat, it was likely to be a kind of the nations which is highly impacted by change in climatic conditions. Australia is a key foodstuff exporting nation. Latest famines lessened the dryland cultivation making and the amount of water apportioned to irrigated cultivation, with a resultant drop in collective farming production and exports (Ejaz Qureshi, Hanjra and Ward, 2013). Water shortages generally have an impact on the rural societies in excess of those residing in the urban regions because of the profound dependence on farming as the main way of living. Industrialised nations are generally thought-out to be better placed to lessen the impacts of water scarcity because of their extra flexible institutional capability, which discriminates them from less urbanized or deprived states. Calls for revolutionary reactions are still missing. Baker MacKenzies April 2014complianceto the Governments issues document on Agricultural Competitiveness stated that more than half of the people those reviewed considered the utmost issue for the Australias groceries supply was the accessibility of water. Iron ore billionaire,Andrew Forrest, of lateasked to the yield 5,000 giga-litres of water as of underground aquifers and rivers to famine-proof active agricultural regions and expose thousands of hectares of ground for latest farming ventures. Lots of water scarcities have grown since the Australian management has been unsuccessful in applying whole-system in view of water supply, re-using, utilization and sending back of water to the natural water bodies. Watercourse current and groundwater are usually handled to be self-governing entities just like the metropolitan storm water, sewage handling and overflow reprocessing. Image: Stream of water to be handled in irrigation inside a whole-structure method in Australia Source: (Sabater and Barcelo?, 2010) Development in Australia has increased taking an incorporated approach strengthened by acknowledgment of interfaces in the water rotations. For instance, rivers are strained by being blocked up and controlled and by drawing out water, as the pattern of stream is altered. Excessive-extraction of water can put inhabitant fish in danger, raise salinity and the occurrence of algal flowers, and spoil plant life in marshes and floodplains. The transforms in river stream systems have an impact on the groundwater renew and release patterns back and forth flood plains, billabongs and marshes (Burnett et al., 2016). The loss of Red River gums in the billabongs and floodplains a little far as of the Murray River is due to reducing and ever more salty groundwater and inadequate fresh water renewal. Steps by the Australian government The Australian government and different state governments have to come toconsensusforrecognisingthe requirementof improving the usage of water and the situation of Australian Rivers and groundwater frameworks. This has been undertaken by the National water initiative which was held in 2004 by the council ofAustraliangovernment. This initiative has various regulations which affected the water statement such asbusinessof water. For making these regulations and laws, the National water commission assessed all the available resources of water in Australia. There had been a National plan created for securing water which was also as water act 2007. This way Australiangovernmentseekto increase the accessibility and quality of the nationwide details available for water. Since there are various limitations of the records of water, the key issues faced due toscarcityof water are: Non availability High consumption River health Conservation of water (Discovering wetlands in Australia, 2011) Integrated catchment managing is nowadays an effective theory for the execution of CoAGs water improvement programmes and is essential to the organization of catchment management powers within Victoria and New South Wales and related arrangements in the remaining states. Local administrations of catchments utilising a lot of the theoretical structures that have advanced from a whole-system methodology are now recognized procedures. Conclusion Australia is at the turning point as per its capability to handle rising water shortage wherein it has to opt among the more costly investment and ecological decisions of additional stockpiles and desalination, or limits these by means of better water re-usage procedures and expanded water profitability. A fiery change process is in progress that is concentrating on control, profitability and natural issues. This will need a level of devotion by state and national governments to drive the changes and manage a noteworthy re-assignment of water among water system exercises, from water system to waterway and groundwater stream and some development of water from water system to urban application. References Abs.gov.au. (2017). 4613.0 - Australia's Environment: Issues and Trends, 2007. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/330bc8fdfd50bee4ca2573c6001049f9%21OpenDocument [Accessed 26 Apr. 2017]. Bettini, Y., Brown, R. and de Haan, F. (2013). Water scarcity and institutional change: lessons in adaptive governance from the drought experience of Perth, Western Australia. Water Science Technology, 67(10), p.2160. Burnett, K., Howitt, R., Roumasset, J. and Wada, C. (2016). Routledge handbook of water economics and institutions. 1st ed. Discovering wetlands in Australia. (2011). 1st ed. [Canberra]: Dept of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Ejaz Qureshi, M., Hanjra, M. and Ward, J. (2013). Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change. Food Policy, 38, pp.136-145. Flynn, D. (2014). Sustainable Development and Water Resource Scarcity. Archives of Business Research, 2(5), pp.12-28. Sabater, S. and Barcelo?, D. (2010). Water scarcity in the Mediterranean. 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Introduction Essays (3231 words) - Carolingian Dynasty,

Introduction Throughout history, there have been many good and bad rulers, from the bravery of Alexander the Great, to the madness of George III. None, however, helped shape European feudalism like Charlemagne, King of the Franks, First of the Holy Roman Emperors. His advancements in government were not his only advancements though. He created an educational system for his people. While far behind the public and private educational systems of today, in the 8th and 9th century, it was a start. He also helped spread Christianity throughout Europe. Born in Northern Europe in 752, he was to become one of history's great leaders, and precursor to the Holy Roman Empire. Brief History of the Line of Frankish kings. In 481, Clovis became king of one of the Frankish tribes. Because of a bet he made with his wife, he became Christian, and he forced 3,000 of his soldiers to become Christian also. This would eventually gain the support of the Catholic Church for both himself and the Franks. However, Clovis's qualities as a leader were not passed on to his sons, and on Clovis's death, his sons divided the kingdom that he worked to build. Later Merovingian kings became inept at ruling the kingdom, and eventually became kings in just name only. The business of ruling the kingdom was left to the "Mayor of the Palace". In 751, Pope Zacharias arranged for Childeric III to be sent to a monastery and for Pepin, Mayor of the Palace, to be crowned king. But, the alliance between the Papacy and the Franks would soon be tested. Aistulf, king of the Lombards, captured lands north of Rome and announced his intention to capture Rome itself. In an attempt by the Papacy to prevent this disaster, the Pope sent out to ask Pepin the Short, for his assistance in dealing with the Lombards. He would eventually defeat the Lombards in battle, and the land that was gained was given to the Catholic Church, in the Donation of Pepin which created the Papal States. Birth and Parentage, and Childhood Charles I, or Charlemagne was born in 742. He was the son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada. Little is known about his childhood, other than the fact that he liked riding horses and hunting. He attempted to learn how to write, but was unsuccessful. He did however learn how to speak fluently in Latin, despite his attempt at learning how to write. Charlemagne's roots can be traced back to Ansegis, Mayor of Austrasia and Begga. His most famous ancestors however, were his father and grandfather, Pepin the Short and Charles Martel, respectively. After the death of Pepin the Short, Charlemagne and his brother Carloman were proclaimed kings by their supporting nobles, and were anointed by their respective bishops. Military Successes During his life In 769, Aquitaine and Gascony broke into rebellion. Charlemagne was forced to try to crush these rebellions without his brother's assistance. Charlemagne marched his army through Bordeaux and defeated the rebel leader, Hunold. Duke Hunold was to flee to the protection of Lupus, Duke of the Gascons. But Duke Lupus agreed to give up Duke Hunold to Charlemagne, and was granted peace. Hunold was not executed, but was returned to monastic alive. After the reconquest of Aquitaine, his mother tried to get Charlemagne to reconcile with his brother, but he was already making treaties with rulers that surrounded Carloman's kingdom. To try and seal the peace with Lombardy, he married the daughter of the king of Lombardy, Desiderata. Pope Stephen III did not like this marriage, for they encouraged Frankish kings to weaken the power of the Lombards, whose territories bordered upon it's own. He then made an alliance with her father, Desiderius, which made the Pope give up his objections to the mar riage. However, after one year, Charlemagne divorced his wife and married Hildegarde, a Suabian noblewoman. In 771, there was a fear that Carloman, Charlemagne's brother, and Desiderata would create an alliance and attack Charlemagne, but in December of that year, Carloman died, leaving Charlemagne in complete control of the Frankish Kingdom. In 772, Charlemage led an army into Saxony, in his first attempt to conquer the region. He then destroyed the Irminsul, a sacred

Racism.

Racism. For the first time in the history of the United States racial and ethnic groups, once thought of as minorities, are beginning to outnumber the percentage of white Americans. Our nation's diversity has already begun to alter everything in society from politics and education, to industry, values, and culture. This is an extremely hard concept for many whites to accept. Long before this issue became a concern, our presumption of the "typical" United States citizen was someone who could trace his or her line of ancestry to Europe one way or another. Racism refers to any inherited physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features, hair texture, behavior patterns, personality traits, or intellectual abilities. In recent years, the definition for racism was modified to include social attitudes and occurrences. Racism usually takes the form of a claim that some human races are superior to others whether it's based on language, religion, or manners.Martin Luther King, Jr.Most peopl e donot realize it but yes, racism is still a huge issue in today's world.White people are always comparing other races to themselves as if theyare the best race of all and they are the ones that set the standard. Some whitepeople deny being racist in any way but what they don't realize is there justas racist as any buddy else that is. They still judge and assume things justbecause of the color of another human being's skin. Colored people do nothave it as easy as white people do just because they have a different color ofskin and society has taught the generations of kids and previous kids and willprobably teach our future kids to be racist.Most people do not look at another person's character or their actions orhow they feel or there opinion in certain areas but most of their attention goestowards their ethnic back round and skin color, or how a person looks on theoutside. Martin Luther King was a very courageous man who openedpeople's eyes on the issue of racism and showed people how different racesare being treated by the white race. He tried to show that it was what was inthe inside of a person that counts not there skin color or ethnicity.I think people are individually different in many ways, not by the fact ofthere skin color but there skills and their skills come from there ethnic backround which make them special in their own way and also make them betterin certain areas than other people. I do not make any assumptions until I meeta person there skin color means nothing to me, their character, attitude, moralvalues are what is important to me. People are people and should be treatedlike it and not be demoted because of skin color their color and ethnicity iswhat makes them unique as an individual person.

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Chavez

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Chavez Chaves is an ancient Portuguese surname that literally means keys, from the Portuguese Chaves  and Spanish laves (Latin  clavis). Often an occupational surname was given to someone who made keys for a living. Chavez is also an alternate spelling of the Chaves surname, which in Portugal was often a  habitational name from the town of Chaves, Tras-os-Montes, from the Latin acquis Flaviis, meaning [at the] waters of Flavius.   Chavez is the 22nd most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings:  CHAVEZ Famous People With the Surname Cesar Chavez: American civil rights leaderHugo Chavez: President of VenezuelaNicole Chavez: Hollywood celebrity stylist Where in the World Do People With the Surname Live? According to surname distribution data from  Forebears, Chaves is the 358th most common surname in the world- found most commonly in Mexico, with the highest density of the surname present in Peru. Chavez is also a common last name in Bolivia, where it ranks 18th most popular in the nation, as well as Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Philippines, Honduras, and Nicaragua.  WorldNames PublicProfiler  also has the surname as most common in Argentina, especially Northwest and Gran Chaco, as well as New Mexico in the United States, and southwest Spain (Andalucia and Extremadura provinces). Genealogy Resources for the Surname CHAVES Family DNA ProjectA Y-DNA project focused on family and genetic relationships between the various Chaves families around the world. This includes the Chavez and Caceres surnames of Spain. Chavez Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Chavez family crest or coat of arms for the Chavez surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Source: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL MANAGEMENT Essay - 2

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES - Essay Example nd the changing role of management throughout the decades but also to appropriately evaluate its importance for the improvement of the employees’ and the firm’s performance. At a first level, it should be noticed that there are no standards regarding the principles accepted by organizations around the world in order to regulate their internal and external relations. For this reason, the assumptions made by researchers in the relevant field are not quite the same; they are rather differentiated in accordance with the firms’ needs, their culture and mission but also the social and cultural characteristics of the market involved. Towards this direction, Hennestad (1990) refers to a common inter-organizational phenomenon, the ‘double – bind’, which refers to the relationship between the employees and the management within a particular organization in which the managers’ guidelines are not clear but they rather lead to different assumptions and directions (always referring to employees’ obligations within a specific organization). In this context, it is noticed by Hennestad (1990, 265) that ‘members of an organi zation are supposedly led, but very often they do not see the way; on the contrary, they are exposed to conflicting management signals and caught in double bind situations; double bind connotes a situation where conflicting messages occur, but where it is vitally important to discern what message is being communicated, and where the individual is unable to comment upon the ambiguity; the result is that the individual is not capable of meta communication and thus incapable of learning about the situation’. In accordance with the above view, the incompetence of a firm’s employees to respond to the needs of a particular situation could be related with the incompetence of the firm’s managers to provide accurate and clear guidelines and directions on a specific issue. As for employees, their efforts to participate actively on all the

Case study/ and report Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

/ and report - Case Study Example The sample represented male (48%) and female (52%) students approximately equally. Table 1 shows the cross-tabulation of students’ gender and their response on the job experience. About half (52%) of the students said they never had a part-time job. 28% of the students said they had a part-time job during summer only and 20% of the students said they had a part-time job but not only during summer. Figure 2 shows the conditional distribution of job experience for the male students. About 44% of the male students never had a part-time job, about 31% had a part-time job during summer only, and about 25% had a part-time job but not only during summer. Figure 3 shows the conditional distribution of job experience for the female students. About 60% of the female students never had a part-time job, about 25% had a part-time job during summer only, and about 15% had a part-time job but not only during summer. Thus, there appears a difference in the conditional distribution of job experience for the male and female students suggesting an association between gender and job experience for the students. In other words, students’ gender and their job experience are not independent. In conclusion, about half of the students never had a part time job and about half of the students had a part-time job. The results indicated that there is an association between gender and job experience for the

Principles Of Support Essay Example for Free

Principles Of Support Essay Introduction The Health and Social care has many sections or Organisations that provide Healthcare services to people with special needs. Health and social care services use the Philosophy of Careto support vulnerable people by implementing their rights according to the right legislation and codes of practice. The legislation also provides way to protect the service users for harm and abuse. A person-centred approach used by the services ensure individual needs of service users. Although the philosophy of care is used to improve and care for service users yet there is still ethical dilemmas and conflicts that we face. As a care workers in ABC care home we have to do all the required training to always know and do what is expected of us when it comes to protecting service users and use the theories of human development that can help me manage with the considering of social processes to make recommendations for health and social care services to vulnerable people with others professionals. Principles are simply rules or guideline. In this case we are looking at guideline of support. Principles of support are useful to health and social care settings success. We can apply principles of support to ensure that individuals are cared for by promoting Anti-discriminatory practice. This is by lawful treating every individual with respect, by not treating them less favourable or disadvantaged. (Anti-Discrimination Act 1998. Tasmania). This can achieved by promoting and supporting individuals’ rights. People who need health care particularly long –term care they sometime feel like their dignity and independence is being taken away from them. Principles of support are applied to ensure that individuals are cared for in Health and social care settings by supporting individuals’ beliefs and identities. For example if they are Christians most of them some would be expected to have a need to church. To ensure that individuals are cared in health and social care is by applying the principles of support. Every Individuals confidentiality should be taken ser ious, this is very important in health and social care settings because it relates to personal information about patients. The purpose of a confidential care service is to protect the Patients information and restrict who can access it. The Data protection Act (1998) enforces service users information to be protected. (www.tutorcare.co.uk) Practising  promoting effective communication is another way of applying principles of support to individualism health and social care settings. Communication is a two-way process of interaction between two or more people, this involves sender, massage, medium, understanding and then feedback. (Hodder Education) Support and allow individuals to use technology to support themselves. For example, some services users can learn how to play computer games or other forms of computer related tasks and from there then they can always support themselves playing. (Skills for care) By supporting and allowing risk management and risk taking to increase individuals independence and choice. This is achieved by guiding and monitoring services users to get involved in some physical activities. For example playing football, running and others. (Skills for care) 1.2 OUTLINE THE PROCEDURE FOR PROCTECTING CLIENTS, PATIENTS AND COLLEAGUES FROM HARM. Protection in Health and social settings is done mainly in two ways. The first one is to protecting service users from harm and secondly is to safeguard vulnerable people from abuse. So protection in Health and social care is to safeguard from harm or abuse. Harm is damage or injury caused by people or event. Abuse is a violation of individuals human and civil rights. Safeguard from abuse is the multi-displinary work done by care services or other Organisations to minimise and manage risk to Adults that could be exposed to abuse. ABC care home Staff should to know who is behind enforcing the philosophy of care and how it’s applies to protect the entire ABC care home staff and the care home. To Protect ABC care home staff and anyone else that might use the services ABC Carers have to get induction and training when they start work. This is to ensure that ABC Carers have enough knowledge about ABC workplace. This is finding out information and facts for me to settle in ABC care home. This includes codes of practice, rules and regulations that run the care home hence protecting service users and one else that can come to the premises. Training can help Carers to protect service users at ABC care home form harm by learning how to manual handle. This is using my bodily force to lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling or caring service users within the care home. The regulation that covers manual handling is. (The Manual Handle Operations Regulations 1992. amended 2000). This will enable ABC Carers to use the right equipment for the task and use  good handling technique to move the service users and this will reduce risk harming Service user. (www hse.gov.uk). According to (care and the registered managers award book) training has to be effective. For this to happen the effective training cycle was created and it has to be fully followed for effective training to be achieved. The cycle involve Identifying training needs, establish training objectives, developing training activity, deliver training activity, check training objectives made and measure improvements. For training to work effectively with in the ABC care home, Trainers have to ensure that they are using every part of the cycle step by step. This will not only benefit ABC care home but it will help focussing on the right service user for the right reason hence this leading to the desired outcome of training. (Health care and the registered managers Award). To be able to protect vulnerable people in ABC care home Carers have to make sure that their personal hygiene is up the standards of Health and social care settings. Hygiene can be achieved in appearance, dressing, behaviour and personal cleanliness. Due the fact that caring for vulnerable people in ABC care home involves serving food. Every staff that deals with serving food has to be clean so that they do not contaminate service users food and this can reduce service users from being food poisoned. More to that, ABC care home carer need to know about food hygiene. Food hygiene involves washing hands when starting work, after the use of the toilet, between handling cooked and raw food, after sneezing and so on. (http:/wwww.midsussex.gov.uk/8170.htm). This can minimise the chances of contaminating food that Carers could be handling. Food hygiene rules of food refrigeration have to be followed, food should not be overloaded or packed tightly, hot food should never be placed in the refrigerators, clean the refrigerators regularly, separate cooked food from raw, check food temperature control. To protect everyone at ABC care home from harm Carers should follow the Health and safety at work Act (HASWA) 1974 Regulations. This act was created to ensure that health and safety at workplace was less risky of harm and injury. Secondly, ABC Carer should apply the reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences to the health and safety Executive or local Authority. (RIDDOR) 1995. Furthermore, Management of Health and Safety at work Regulations (MHSWR) 1999. The regulation needs employers and managers to do risk assessment in work place. The application  of this Regulation can help reduce hazards. (Health and social care Diploma) The Disability Discriminating Act (DDA) 1995. It puts responsibility on employers to make sure that people with disability can get safe access and exit from the workplace. (Health and social care Diploma) Another Regulation that can really be useful in a care home is (COSHH) 2002. This means the control of substances Hazardous to Health. It provides a framework to reduce the risk to Health and safety in association with hazardous substances. (Health and social care Diploma). ABC carer should know a few techniques about first Aid. First Aid is the first help given to sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. This will enable Carers to help service users in case of emergency. For example if a service user is unconscious and breathing they should be placed in the recovery position and so on. Carers in ABC Care home should use the Whistle Blowing Policy; (www.gov.uk/whistleblowing) If a member of staff in ABC care home is miss treating service users or other Carers its Carers’ job to report the crime to the manager or local council depending how big the problem is. Appling the Medicines Act 1968 would minimise the risk to service users in ABC care home by giving medicine to the right service user, right time, right medication, right dosage and route. (legislation.gov.uk). 1.3 ANALYSE THE BENEFIT OF FOLLOWING A PERSON CENTRED APPROACH WITH THE USERS OF ABC CARE HOME. The person centred approach was developed by Carl Rogers (1902-1987) a Psychologist. This was mainly in relation to the therapist and the client, he named it the client centred approach then later he renamed this theory a person centred approach because he wanted to minimise the individuals’ Autonomy. He developed a person centred approach as a way of counselling and psychotherapy. This approach is applied essentially as a Non Directive. Following a person centred approach in ABC care home would help in developing a service user focused service by ensuring that their needs are fulfilled. For example, Health care workers have to provide assistance to the disabled people by doing things for them that they can’t do themselves. For example, some disabled people can’t bath themselves in this case caretakers have to bath them. Using a person centred approach in ABC care home could help to find out Areas to be improved within the care home. This is by care staff in ABC home ensuring  that every individuals’ need is given the right solution. For example, the right wheel chair for different types of disability. Applying a person centred approach in the ABC home can help users to plan ahead for their lives. Care workers can support users achieve their long term goals. This is making sure that service users are well fed and given medication if they are sick to maintain a good health. Using a person centred approach in ABC care can enable users to have choice and control of their own lifestyles. (metro.gov.uk). For example, service users can decide what type of clothes they want to wear. 1.4 Explain ethical dilemmas and conflict that may arise while providing care, support and protection to users of health and social care services. The Ethical dilemma is ‘a situation in which a different choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable’. (Oxford dictionary 2012). The ethical dilemma that has been faced by ABC workers when caring for Mrs. M is that she has acute pains and painkillers prescribed by the doctors are not working due the fact that she likes drinking whisky that she has failed to cut down and this is affecting the painkillers from working. The conflict in Mrs. M’s situation is that painkillers are needed to be taken to reduce the pain she is having but the whisky Mrs. M likes taking is stopping the painkillers from working. 2.1 Explain the implementation of polices, Legislation, regulations and codes of practice that are relevant to own work in ABC care home. A Cording to the Oxford dictionary (2010) a policy is ‘a course of actions, as of a government, political, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters’. Every Child Matters is one of the policies used in ABC care home for children welfare. (education.gov.uk). every child matters policy’s aim is to ensure that children are healthy. ABC care workers should make sure that children have good physical and mental health by giving them food, encouraging children to have enough exercises and giving them medication when they are sick. In ABC home Children are safe under the Every Child Matters policy. (education.gov.uk). The policy’s aim is to protect children from harm and neglect. Caretakers in ABC home should care for the children by giving the love and ensuring that their needs are  fulfilled. For example, washing their clothes. etc. Care staff in ABC should follow the Healthy and Safety at work act 1974 to minimise harm to children. For example, following (RIDDOR 1995) ABC care takers should report injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences the Healthy and Safety Executives to so that cases can be followed and investigated to prevent future injuries, diseases and so on. Children should make a positive contribution by engaging in community activities and being part of Society. (education.gov.uk). ABC Care staff should ensure that children are not anti-social and not doing any Crimes. The ABC home staff should encourage children to go school so that they don’t end up is gangs. More to that, Quality protects is another policy that was created by the Department of Health in 1998. (www.rip.org.uk) Quality protects’ aim is to support Local Authorities in transforming the way they manage and deliver Children’s Social services. One of the Quality Protects’ aims in ABC care home is to make sure that Children get a bond to ABC carers enabling safe and effective care for the period of Childhood. For example, there should be a father and son relationship between a Male carer and a boy service user. Secondly, ABC carers must protect Children from emotional, physical and sexual abuse and neglect. ABC Carers should not verbally abuse Children or beat then and ABC carers should do (CRB) checks before they can be employed by ABC care home so that children can be in good hands. Etc. Legislation. The rehabilitation of offenders Act 1974. (legislation.gov.uk). The Act would help service users in ABC care home who have committed crimes to be rehabilitated by enabling criminal convictions with some exceptions to be spent or ignored after a rehabilitation period. For example, crimes committed by mentally sick service users could be dealt with differently. Human Rights Act 1998. (Elizabeth et al. 2010). The Act protects rights given under the European convention on human rights. This Act points out that everyone has a right to live. In the ABC care home under the Human rights Act 1998 (equality humanrights.com) service users should be given a chance to live their lives the way they want and their needs should be fulfilled. Under this Act the right to live means giving service users food, medication and shelter. etc. The Human right Act 1998 protects ABC service users from slavery and forced labour. No service users should be treated  like a slave, ABC carers should not force use rs to do unpaid work around the ABC care home. ABC carers should not discriminate against service users under Human rights Act 1998. Carers should treat every service user the same regardless of where they are coming from. Carers should tolerate and respect Users cultures and religions. No service users shall be punished without law. (Equality humanright.com) ABC care workers should not beat or give any other punishments to service users without court proceedings. Codes of practice (Skills for care). According to skills for care website Codes of practise is â€Å"a list of statements that describes the standards of professional conduct and practice required of social care workers as they go about their daily work†. The code of practice help to protect service users in ABC care home (Skills for care) by protecting their rights and promoting the interest of service users and Carers. ABC carers can do this by treating everyone as an individual, respecting their cultural beliefs and religions, supporting and maintaining dignity and privacy of users. 2.2 Explain how Local policies and procedures can be developed in accordance with national and policy requirements. Local policies are principles of action developed by individual care homes to help safeguard service users from abuse. These principles are developed according to the service users the care home is caring for. For example some children’s care home principles differ from the elderly ones. Policies and procedures when developed they give employers and employees guidelines for fair and legal treatment to every service user in an organisation or care home. Policies create rules of how to run care homes and policies give ways how policies could be implemented within the care home. (www.ehow.co.uk). National policies are principles of action proposed by the government to help safeguard service users in statutory, private and voluntary organisations all around the country. ABC care home would implement the protecting patients from avoidable harm policy. (www.gov.uk/government) by using the five domains obtained from the three part definition of Quality First which states that; Quality care consist of: effectiveness, patient experience and safety. The five domains from the definition are: Preventing people from dying prematurely, ABC carers can prevent people dying prematurely by doing risk assessment, this can help find hazards within the ABC care home that could be life threatening. For example faulty electric switches, sockets and cables could be found by risk  assessing and fixed to ensure that the ABC care home is safe for service users. The second domain is enhancing quality of life for people with long term conditions (www.gov.uk/government). In ABC care home employers can help improve quality of lives of service users with long term conditions by giving them healthy food and encourage them to do exercises so that they can stay fit. Thirdly, help people to recover from episodes of ill health (www.gov.uk/government). With the ABC carers can help service users to recover from ill health by giving patients their medicine on time and by ensuring that doses are finished in the advised time. etc. Treating service users with respect, dignity and compassion policy. (www.gov.uk/government). ABC carers should treat service user with respect, this is by knocking on service users doors to get permission from them before cares can enter. ABC carers should treat service users with dignity and compassion. ABC carers should ensure that service users are not abused and should enable service users to maintain the highest level of independence, choice and control. For example, ABC carers should ask services users what type of food they want to eat by offering users food options. â€Å"Improving care for people with dementia policy†. This policy is implemented in ABC care home by increasing diagnosis rate for people with dementia because there is a low diagnosis for people with dementia in England as whole. For example invest more money in ABC care home to improve the project by buying better toolkit to ensure that ABC employers and employees provide a better service. 2.3 The Care Standard Act 2000 was put in place by the government on 20th July 2000 and came into effect April 2002. The Act was made to help reforming the regulatory system for care services in England and wales. These services include: residential car e homes, children homes, nursing homes, domiciliary care agencies, fostering and so on. The Care Standards Act 2000 aims were to extend the regulation of social Care from two white papers published by the Government in 1998 and 1999 entitled â€Å"Modernising Social Services and Building for the future†. (www.scie.org.uk) The Act established a new independent regulatory body for Social Care, private and voluntary health care services in England known as the National Care Standards Commission (www.scie.org.uk). This was to ensure that improvements in care through the Act’s triple functions of inspections, regulation and reviewing all Social Services. â€Å"The Act established the General Social Care Council† (GSCC). (www.scie.org.uk)To  regulate the quality and standards of Staff working in Social Care but was replace by the Health Professions Council (HPC) from August 2012. Another Act that helped in Social Care settings is the Safeguarding Vulnerable Group Act 2006. The Act is an important part of a bigger programme of work. It spreads across Gov ernment departments and it is created to solve the failures found by the 2004 Bichard inquiry from the Soham murders. Recommendation 19 of the Bichard inquiry report states that; ‘new arrangements should be introduced requiring those who wish to work with children, or vulnerable Adults to be registered. The register would confirm that there is no reason why an individual should not work with these clients’. (Safeguarding Vulnerable group Act 2006 fact sheet). The Act formed a body called the Independent Barring Board (â€Å"IBB†). The IBB establishes and maintains children’s and Adults’ barred list. The Act points out offences and writes down penalties for not complying with the Act. For example if a door is meant to be kept locked and the Manager opens it he could get fined 5000 pounds or six months imprisonment if Inspectors find out. The No Secrets policy document has guidelines on developing and implementing multi-Agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults at risk of abuse. One of the No secrets principles is to recognise people who are unable to take their own decisions or protect themselves, their belongings or bodily integrity this helps to adults at risk of being abused. No Secrets’ â€Å"getting the message across† states that when it comes to employment people convicted of big offences do not have the protection of the Rehabilitation of offenders Act 1974 this could help stop adults being abused. The policy defines who is at risk, what way and what action to be taken when abuse happens to vulnerable people. The policy defines abuse as â€Å"a violation of human rights by any other person or persons†. REFERENCES https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/194272/No_secrets__guidance_on_developing_and_implementing_multi-agency_policies_and_procedures_to_protect_vulnerable_adults_from_abuse.pdf http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/47/pdfs/ukpga_20060047_en.pdf http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide03/law/standards.asp https://www.gov.uk/government/policies?departments%5B%5D=department-of-health

Essay --

With the fuel crisis that is happening in the world today it is now more important than ever to begin the look towards alternative fuel sources. One smart step for the US would be to wean the country slowly off of the gasoline fix and to look into alternative fuels to replace the â€Å"never coming back† fossil fuels. It turns out that Ethanol as a hybrid fuel proves to be a notable candidate for this gasoline intervention, per say. Now the United States is currently looking to subsidize fossil fuel alternatives. However, before considering ethanol production as a governmental subsidy, using large amounts of hard earned tax payer money, there has to be many alternative factors that come into play such as making sure the pros out weight the cons as far as environmental benefits and performance output and not to mention looking at the entire matter from an economic or investment perspective. First we need to consider what the ethanol we are talking about actually is and how can we obtain it. When we say ethanol production we are referring to the use of ethanol as a hybrid fuel for automobiles. What hybrid fuels means is that instead of running a car solely off of ethanol or gasoline alone, ethanol is actually blended in with standard fuel grade gasoline to create the ethanol fuel hybrid. Ethanol is derived from alcohol; it is a grain alcohol that is typically broken down from corn, although it can be obtained by other means such as Brazilian sugar cane, wheat, barley and potatoes (West). The way ethanol is created, according to Larry West in an article titled How is Ethanol made, is by fermenting plant sugars from photosynthesis, treating them with enzymes followed by then inserting tiny microbes to feed on the sugar that will finally b... ...self to not be such a good place for hard earned taxpayer money. It shows great signs of reducing of automobile pollution, decreased foreign oil dependency as well as steps towards being a greener society. On the reverse, the implicated price would be significantly higher, at a starting price of $3.95 per gallon, the induced miles per gallon in FFVs takes a huge hit and are the miles per gallon are significantly lower which would lead to an even higher estimated cost for consumers. Not to mention the production of corn ethanol draws a net negative energy loss due to ethanol’s weak energy output. This all meaning that more money goes in to get less energy out. Over all, ethanol is a great idea in the mindset of moving towards a greener society and becoming self-sustainable as a country, but proves to be a negative investment choice as far as a government subsidy.

Interracial Marriage Essay

Today interracial marriages are happening more and more despite that many disapprove as we become more diverse, both racially and ethnically. In the past, though considered to be taboo interracial marriages are a quickly growing segment of the population. Interracial marriage is a marriage of two individuals each of different races. The focus of this paper is to address interracial marriage increase, effects on children, acceptance and challenges, and my personal views. Interracial marriage is used to describe marriages that take place between people who are from different racial or ethnic groups. Interracial marriage can convey a relationship between a Black and an Asian, a White and a Korean, a Hispanic and an Asian, a White and a Hispanic, a Black and a White, and etc. However, when people talk about race relations, the focus is on Blacks and Whites. 1. Interracial marriages hits a new high 2. Interracial marriages and the effect on children 3. Acceptance of interracial marriage 4. Difficulties and challenges of interracial marriage 5. Views on interracial marriage Interracial Marriages Hits a New High For most of U. S history, in most communities, such unions were taboo. Interracial marriage approval is at a high point in the United States at 86 percent, a Gallup poll indicated. The poll of 1,319 adults found the United States is on the verge of unanimity on the topic of interracial marriage, Gallup reported. Ninety-six percent of African-Americans, who have always been more approving of marriage between blacks’ whites, approve of such unions, while 84 percent of whites approve. The gap of approval ratings between blacks and whites has narrowed considerably. The gap since 1997 has been averaging 13 percentage points. From 1968 to 1994, the average gap was 32 points. When Gallup first asked about interracial marriage in 1958, only 4 percent of those asked approved. Approval of black-white marriages is slightly lower among Southerners, Republicans, conservatives and those in lower education levels. The elderly are the least approving group at 66 percent (UPI. com, 2011). Interracial Marriages and the Effect on Children No matter what ethnic groups are involved, one major result of these marriages are children. Children are far more negative than a lot of adults are today regarding interracial relationships. It’s not that they approve or disapprove; it’s more like they don’t understand. If a child has never been exposed to other races or seen two different races married and living together than their first reaction might be to think its â€Å"weird†. When kids don’t understand something their first reaction is to tease the child with the interracial parents. There are more serious effects of a child being interracial †¦ labeling and racism. Encountering an identity crisis, which group does she/he belong to? Having siblings that can actually pass as white, who may result in receiving privileges that society may deny the child of more color (darker). Acceptance of Interracial Marriage The willingness of people entering into interracial relationships has grown and so does acceptance. There still some that frown upon mixed marriages with the belief that marriage is tough enough without having to deal with the burden racial differences. A report released by the Pew Research Center says that 43 percent of Americans believe that marriage between people of different races has been productive in our society while only 10 percent believe it has changed America for the worse (AFRO. com, 2012). Difficulties and Challenges of Interracial Marriage As an interracial couple you will possibly face extra challenges in your marriage from people outside your marriage. These include antagonistic and unfair treatment from others, suffering rejection from family members or disinheritance, and dealing with prejudices from friends. All of these things combined can push a couple into social segregation. If you or a couple you know is dealing with these kinds of things (even same-race couples do), think about the following: Have confidence in your choice; Deal with your feelings; Stand up for each other and your marriage; Surround yourselves with supportive people. What can cause an interracial marriage to fall apart is the inability of a couple to handle their differences and a failure to talk about stress and prejudice created by others (Marriage Matters, 2009). The problems and issues that used to occur with interracial marriages are no longer as adamant and noticeable. Views on Interracial Marriage Interracial marriages are more common today than ever before and I support it. There are cultural differences, but if anything, I believe that in interracial marriages couples can help each other to grow as a person. Love as no boundaries†¦what difference does the color of your skin make if two people are in love. You can’t help with whom you fall in love with, and people should stop seeing mixed race relationships as a political statement. If people attempt to understand the different beliefs, traditions and values of the diverse groups that make up this world, then they could work together for the good of all. Love has no color! Interracial marriage in the United States has been fully legal in all U. S. states since the 1967 Supreme Court decision that deemed anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional, with many states choosing to legalize interracial marriage at much earlier dates. The United States has many ethnic and racial groups and interracial marriage is fairly common among most of them (The Full Wiki, n. d. ). In conclusion ethnic groups bring diversity and wealth to a society by introducing their own ideas and customs. Interracial marriages introduce such variety. In a picture-perfect world, everyone should celebrate this. However, the world is not perfect. I think that the more love there is in this world, the better off we all are†¦ regardless of whom it is we love.

Gentlemen’s Magazine

5 You have been approached by the editor of Gentlemen’s Magazine to carry out a research study. The magazine has been unsuccessful in attracting shoe manufacturers as advertisers. When the sales force tried to secure advertising from shoe manufacturers, they were told men’s clothing stores are a small and dying segment of their business. Since Gentlemen’s Magazine goes chiefly to men’s clothing stores, the manufacturers reasoned that it was, therefore, not a good vehicle for their advertising. The editor believes that a survey (via mail questionnaire) of men’s clothing stores in the United States will probably show that these stores are important outlets for men’s shoes and are not declining in importance as shoe outlets. He asks you to develop a proposal for the study and submit it to him. Develop the management-research question hierarchy that will help you to develop a specific proposal. The initial Research: -First we need to address the management’s concern. How to market Gentlemen’s Magazine to shoe manufactures. -How profitable is shoe manufactures? -What types of sales sources does shoe manufactures uses the most? -What percentage of clothing stores provide shoes sales? -What is the percentage of demand of men shoes? -How profitable are sales of shoes? -How profitable are men shoes going to be to Gentlemen’s magazine? -To customers: oHow many times a year do they purchase men’s shoes? oHow many pair of shows do they purchas e when they do purchase their shoes? What type of men shoes are they more likely to purchase? oWhat are the preferred colors? 5. Compute the mean of the following sample values: 16. 25, 12. 91, and 14. 58. 16. 25+12. 91+14. 58=43. 74 43. 74/314. 58 21. What is sampling error? Sampling error is the estimated error caused by the observation of a sample instead of the entire population. Could the value of the sampling error be zero? Only when the sample is the entire population the sampling error can be zero. If it were zero, what would this mean? If the sample error is zero that mean the entire population was the sample. 22. List the reasons for sampling. Give an example of each reason for sampling. Answer: The inability to sample the entire population. Ex: Trying to get the entire population's hair color. 34. Information from the American Institute of Insurance indicates the mean amount of lifeinsurance per household in the United States is $110,000. This distribution follows thenormal distribution with a standard deviation of $40,000. . If we select a random sample of 50 households, what is the standard error of the mean? Answer: Standard error: 40,000/sqrt [50] = 8000/sqrt[2] or about 5656. 85 b. What is the expected shape of the distribution of the sample mean? Answer: The data should to be a normal distribution, therefore the shape would be â€Å"bell-shaped†. c. What is the likelihood of selecting a sample with a mean of at least $112,000? Answer: P(X ; 112,000) = 1 – P(X 100,000) = 1 – P(X

The Pros and Cons of Majoring in Journalism

The Pros and Cons of Majoring in Journalism So youre starting college (or going back after working awhile) and want to pursue a journalism career. Should you major in journalism? Take a few journalism courses and get a degree in something else? Or steer clear of j-school altogether? The Pros of Getting a Journalism Degree By majoring in journalism you get a solid foundation in the fundamental skills of the trade. You also get access to specialized, upper-level journalism courses. Want to be a sportswriter? A film critic? Many j-schools offer specialized classes in these areas. Most also offer training in the kind of multimedia skills that are increasingly in demand. Many also have internship programs for their students. Majoring in journalism also gives you access to mentors, namely the j-school faculty, who have worked in the profession and can offer valuable advice. And since many schools include faculty who are working journalists, youll have the chance to network with professionals in the field. The Cons of Getting a Journalism Degree Many in the news business will tell you that the basic skills of reporting, writing and interviewing are best learned not in a classroom, but by covering real stories for the college newspaper. Thats how many journalists learned their craft, and in fact, some of the biggest stars in the business never took a journalism course in their life. Also, journalists are increasingly being asked not just to be good reporters and writers, but to also have specialized knowledge in a particular field. So by getting a journalism degree, you may be  limiting your opportunity to do that, unless you plan on going to grad school. Lets say your dream is to become a foreign correspondent in France. Many would argue that youd be better served by studying French language and culture  while picking up the necessary journalism skills along the way. In fact, Tom, a friend of mine who became a Moscow correspondent for The Associated Press did just that: He majored in Russian studies in college, but put in plenty of time at the student paper, building up his skills and his clip portfolio. Other Options Of course, it doesnt have to be an all-or-nothing scenario. You could get a double major in journalism and something else. You could take just a few journalism courses. And theres always grad school. In the end, you should find a plan that works for you. If you want access to everything that a journalism school has to offer (mentors, internships, etc.) and want to take plenty of time to hone your journalism skills, then j-school is for you. But if you think you can learn how to report and write by jumping in headfirst, either by freelancing or working at the student paper, then you may be better served by learning your journalism skills on-the-job  and majoring in something else entirely. Whos More Employable? It all comes down to this: Whos more likely to get a journalism job after graduation, a journalism major or someone with a degree in another area? Generally, j-school grads may find it easier to land that first news job right out of college. Thats because the journalism degree gives employers a sense that the graduate has learned the fundamental skills of the profession. On the other hand, as journalists move forward in their careers and start to seek out more specialized and prestigious jobs, many find that a degree in an area outside of journalism gives them a leg up on the competition (like my friend Tom, who majored in Russian). Put another way, the longer youve been working in the news business, the less your college degree matters. What counts most at that point is your knowledge and job experience.

Driver Education Key Vocabulary for English Learners

Driver Education Key Vocabulary for English Learners Many ESL speakers and learners are required to take driver education courses to obtain their driver license from the DMV (Department of Motor Vehicles). In the United States, each state DMV provides a different written test (for example the California DMV has a different test than the Florida DMV or the NY DMV). International driver licenses also sometimes require a written test. The key vocabulary provided is based on a standard DMV written test and is broken up into categories such as Nouns (Persons, Types of Vehicles, Dangerous Situations, etc.) Verbs, and Descriptive Phrases. Study these keywords to help you or your classes better understand driving manuals and driver education courses. Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Nouns Persons bicyclistdriverofficerpassengerspedestrianspoliceman Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Types of Vehicles and Car Parts bicyclebrakechainsequipmentheadlightslightsmirrormotorcyclepickup trucklicense plateseatsignalssteeringtirestow trucktruckvehiclewindshield Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Dangerous Situations accidentalcoholcollisionconvictioncrashdangerdrugsemergencyevidencefoghazardinjuryinsuranceintoxicantslawsoffensereactionriskwarning Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Driving arrowdistanceDMV (Department of Motor Vehicles)documentDUII (Driving while Under the Influence of an Intoxicant)guideID (Identification)identificationinstructionlicensespeed limitmovementpermitprivilegeregistrationrestrictionsrequirementssignsspeeding Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Roads crosswalkcurvecurbdistrictdrivewayexitfreewayhighwayintersectionlanepavementrailroadramproadwayroundaboutroutesidewalkstop lightsstop signtraffic lights More Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Verbs approach a roadavoid an accidentbe alert while drivingbrake a car (step on the brakes)change laneschange lanes, tirescheck, look into mirrorcrash into somethingcross a roaddamage somethingdrive a car, drive defensivelyenforce a lawexit a roadfollow a car or vehiclehit a car, an objectinjure a personinsure  a vehicle or carmerge onto a roadobey a layobtain a permit or licenseoperate a vehicleovertake a car or vehiclepass a car or vehicleprotect passengersreact to a situationreduce speedrefuse to take a testride in a carshow identificationsignal a turnskid on the roadspeed (drive above the speed limit)steer a car or vehiclestop a car or vehicleturn a car or vehiclewarn another driverwear safety beltsyield to (oncoming) traffic Key DMV Driver Education Vocabulary: Descriptive Words (Adjectives) and Phrases amber lightsapproaching car or vehiclebehind somethingcommercial vehicleconvicted driverdisabled passengerflashing lightshazardous situationinterstate freewayintoxicated driverlegal documentlicensing departmentmanual transmissiononcoming trafficone-way streetout-of-state license plate, driverpedestrian crosswalkposted signprohibited by law, movementrecreational vehiclereduced speedreplacement tirerequired by law, equipmentsafety feature, seatslippery roadsteering wheelstraight roadsuspended licensetwo-way streetunsafe driving, driver, vehiclevalid drivers licensewarning signals, lights

Criminology & Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology & Criminal Justice - Essay Example White citizens receive satisfactory services from police in comparison to other ethnic groups. It was found out that: One of the most controversial areas of police targeting relates to the policing of immigration and the people who are defined as ‘immigrants’. During the 1960s and 1970s ‘coloured immigration’ was not only a potent political issue but also one that framed black and Asian people’s experiences of policing. Many research studies uncovered evidence that ordinary policing often involved checking immigration status (asking, for instance, for passports) when people from ethnic minorities reported crimes of which they had been the victim (Newburn 2007) The criminal justice system should be the epitome of fairness and equity. Police should be fair and just in the execution of their mandate. In the United Kingdom, there have been cases of unfair policing especially towards the ethnic minorities such as blacks. Newburn (200) indicated that sometimes â€Å"a black person reporting a crime is first subject to a background check†. This should not happen since profiling of citizens based on their background is unconstitutional. Public policing should be reformed to ensure that the police do not discriminate citizens based on their ethnic background. The police should be trained to serve citizens equally irrespective of where they come from. Also, any police officer who engages in ethnic profiling should be punished and held criminally liable. The Chicago School proposes that socialization is a core factor in the evaluation of criminal activity in the society. Unlike other theories that focused on an individual’s characteristics to explain crime, the Chicago School postulates that the environment influences people. In essence, there are no people who are born as good or bad. Rather, the external influences of people and social situations play an important role in determining the behavior of a person. The

Tell u later Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Tell u later - Lab Report Example The company has faced several political issues that have deteriorated its financial position and brand image among its peers. The major competitors of Nokia are Samsung, Apple, LG and Sony. These companies operate in the Android platform apart from Apple. The rapid growth of Samsung has allowed it to reach the leading position which was once owned by Nokia for a long period of time. Nokia has high potential in the windows tablet market owing to the recent rise of windows tablets’ popularity. The business deal with Microsoft has allowed Nokia to have a strong financial background that can be leveraged to finance the future innovations. In order to improve the current condition of Nokia, the company must introduce new technology and innovative products like smart watch or other wearable devices to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals. Nokia Corporation is best known as the manufacturer of mobile handsets in the global market. The company is headquartered in Finland, owns production plants in 8 countries and operates in more than 120 countries (Marketline, 2014a). The company also manufactures network and location based equipments for third party companies. The company owns three major business divisions, the devices and services, network solutions and location based services under the brand HERE. The devices and services section offers mobile phone devices including smart phones and other low end feature phones. The network solution section offers telecommunication solutions targeted at the global mobile broadband industry. It includes 3G, 4G and LTE services along with customer experience management. HERE offers customized GPS and location based services for application developers, automotive companies and device manufacturers (Nokia, 2014). The global mobile phone market has grown significantly over the past fe w years. As of 2013, the mobile phone market earned revenue of $163.4 billion, which represents a growth of

Case Study and Assignment (easy work) Research Paper

Case Study and Assignment (easy work) - Research Paper Example By the end of 2011, the Kenyan Shilling had experienced a major fall from trading to a cost of 80.09 to 110.12 to the Dollar. This depreciation affected negatively on savings and investments. Kenyan people are concentrating on food stuffs more which were on the rise since man cannot live without food. However, Central Bank of Kenya tried to raise interest rates to tackle the devaluation of the Shilling and inflation. The governor was put on notice regarding the sharp fall of the currency but no critical answer was given by him. Kenya is to hold elections in 2012, so devaluation of the Shilling was directly and indirectly involved. Big fish in the political arena were assumed to best benefit from the high exchange rate by selling off the amount of dollars that one was possessing, thus campaign money availability to them. That is an indirect involvement. Central Bank reaction was a bit slow since they believed it was an external force which was hitting the Shilling. Noticing that speculative effects were also coming in, and external sources were neither slowing down, it reacted by its governor stating that he was determined to see exchange rates being propelled by the market. Generally the Shillings confidence would be undermined if decisive action was to be taken against external forces. In regards to this, the exporters are the major beneficial of this happening while importers cry foul. Also the risk takers of foreign currency loans had a bad financial end year. Central Bank was indeed, able to control th e Shilling due to its application of banking principles on top of its objectives. While banks form a major backbone to any country, the Central Bank is the overall boss. Incompetence projected by some of the individuals who run them sees political interference, which indeed, is a major setback in the banking sector of any

A Case Study Of Mental Health

A Case Study Of Mental Health Mental health has become a major global problem. It affects 450 million people and one in four of us will suffer from mental ill- health at some time in our lives (WHO, 2001). Mental Health is used positively to indicate a state of psychological well- being, negatively to indicate its opposite ( as in mental health problems) or euphemistically to indicate facilities used by, or imposed upon , people with mental health problems ( as in mental health services). During the nineteenth century, all patients were certified under lunacy laws. That is, the State only made provisions for the control of madness. The fledgling profession of psychiatry ( this term was first used in Britain in 1858) was singularly preoccupied with segregating and managing lunatics . With the emergence of the First World War, soldiers began to break down with shellshock now called post traumatic stress disorder . From this point on, psychiatry extended its jurisdiction from madness to versions of nervousness provoked by stress or trauma. In the twentieth century, more abnormal mental states came within its jurisdiction, such as those due to alcohol and drug abuse and personality problems. Today, mental health services may be offered to, or be imposed upon, people with this wide range of problems, although madness or severe mental illness still captures most of the attention of professionals .Another aspects of the term mental health problems is that some people, criti cal of psychiatric terminology, object of scientific or logical grounds to notions like mental illness or mental disorder. In the 1983 Act and equivalent Scottish legislation mental illness is not defined. However, Article 3(1) of the Northern Ireland Order does define it as a state of mind which affects a persons thinking, perceiving, emotion or judgement to the extent that he requires care or medical treatment in his own interests of other persons. Neither the Scottish nor Northern Ireland definitions include psychopathic disorder and there has recently been some discussion in the context of review of the Mental Health Act about removing it in England and Wales. Issues concerning mental health have been raised substantially in the consciousness of politicians, the media, and the public. Moreover, the burden of mental disorder is regarded not just as a if not the- principal cause of human misery, but as a significant impediment to social and economic growth. Measurement of the years of potential life lost and the years of productive life lost through mental ill- health could reach 15% of all diseases and deaths globally by 2020 (WHO, 1999). A further dimension of inequalities in the apparent scale of mental health problems is race. Race is controversial to define. Genetic distinctions between groups of humans ( other based on sex) have little empirical basis. Racial distinctions arose from anthropological investigations carried out by colonized indigenous people. However, because of colonization, the social identity of these people became real for them and others. In the United States black patients are overrepresented in mental institutions, and have become increasingly so over the postwar period. This has particularly been the case within state mental hospitals, where minority groups constitute 35 per cent of the hospital population, and are subject to higher rates of admission and readmission. In a review of eight epidemiological studies conducted in the United States between the late 1950s and mid- 1970s, Kessler and Neighbors (1986) found that among persons with low incomes black people exhibited significantly more distress than white people. They claimed, therefore, that race is an important independent variable in determining the likelihood of an individual becoming mentally ill. There is some dispute over what to make of this evidence. Cockerham (1990) maintains that the majority of studies on the incidence and distribution of mental health problems suggest that race is not an independent variable: race alone does not appear to produce higher rates of mental disorder for particular groups. Rather, it is because more black people are in the lower social cases that they tend to demonstrate more signs of mental distress. Others, however, disagree. Halpern (1993) argues that minority status can be demonstrated to result in a tendency towards psychiatric problems. As with gender, a number of studies have been conducted indicating that racial bias exists in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems. It has been found, for example, that white therapists generally rated their black clients as being more psychologically impaired than did black therapists. Patients who are uncooperative, threatening or abusive are more likely to be diagnosed as being mentally ill if they have minority status. In particular, it has been found that being black tends to increase the chances of a person being diagnosed as being schizophrenic (Wade, 1993). Certain groups such as people of Afro- Caribbean origin tend to be more likely than whites to receive psychotherapy. Minority groups have proved less able to make use of community- based services. This is partly because they have lacked the resources to participate in the development of community care, and partly because of the lack of interest in or understanding of the specific cultural needs of minority groups when establishing services ( Wade, 1993). The term Afro- Caribbean refers to black people who either still live in Caribbean or who moved to Britain. Britain is an ex-colonial power, which enslaved and forcibly transported African people. Afro-Caribbean people have higher rates of diagnosis for schizophrenia but lower rates for depression and suicide than indigenous whites. An unresolved debate about over- representation is whether it is actual ( black and Irish people are mad more often) or whether it is a function of misdiagnosis . The data of Irish people highlight why the stresses of racism, based purely on skin colour, are not an adequate explanation of differences in mental health status. Although Afro- Caribbean people are vulnerable to psychosis, prevalence rates of all diagnostic categories are higher than for the indigenous ( non- Irish)whites in Britain. What are the implications of comparing and contrasting these two ex-colonized groups for our understanding of the relationship between race and mental health? The first point to emphasise is that given the white skin of the Irish, racism based on skin colour may be a stressor but is not one that accounts for racial differences in mental health. A second point is that while both groups are post-colonial remnants of forced migration, the circumstances for each were different. Third, the circumstances of migration to Great Britain were similar in some ways but not others. Employment opportunities governed population movement in each. Fourth, as ex-colonized, Afro- Caribbeans and the Irish have been recurrently stigmatized and rejected. A confirmation of this point is that these groups are also over-represented in the prison population, not just in involuntary specialist mental health services. Fifth, and following the previous point, whatever the causal explanations for over- representa tion, the racial bias means that these groups are disproportionately dealt with by specialist mental health services. As the latter are dominated by coercion, this outcome can be thought of as a form of structural disadvantage for these groups. The needs, issues and concerns of black and minority ethnic people (BME) with mental health problems have been pushed to the fore of the national health policy agenda (Department of Health, 1999; Department of Health, 2005). Britain is a multi- cultural society where the percentage of the population that is from minority groups is steadily increasing. In 2001 minority groups comprised seven per cent of the population, with a concentration in London and other inner city areas. BME communities occupy particular positions of disadvantage in the United Kingdom. Inequalities are reflected across all indices of economic and social well- being.They generally have higher rates of unemployment, live in poorer housing, report poorer health, have lower levels of academic achievement and higher rates of exclusion from schools. The tragic but significant marker for BME communities was the death of David Bennett while being restrained by nursing staff on a medium secure ward. After a long campaign by his family, an independent inquiry report concluded that the NHS mental health services are institutionally racist'( Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire SHA, 2003). The government subsequently published an action plan for Delivering Race Equality (Department of Health,2005). This plan has three building blocks: to develop more appropriate and responsive services, to provide better quality information on the mental health needs of BME, to encourage greater community engagement in the planning and delivery of mental health services. DRE focuses on organisational change, but fails to appreciate the heterogeneity within the BME population, and the complex range of identities and practices it contains.It also fails to appreciate that the inequalities in mental health for black people exist within a broader historical and contemporary context of social and economic inequalities and prejudice. Moreover, the problem seems to have been framed in the context of culture- thus, the focus in the DRE strategy on developing a culturally competent workforce. Fernando (2003) argues that a focus on culture can itself be racist and therefore has to be examined in this context. Another issue to consider is the impact of racial disadvantage and discrimination on individuals , their families and communities. Petel and Fatimilehin (1999) suggested that the impact of racism is psychological, social and material. The effects of these are likely to be detrimental to mental health, but it has to be borne in mind that for some it may be minimal, while for others it may be of great significance to their emotional well-being. The effects of racism on the individual may have wider impacts on families and communities . The impact of racism therefore has to be analysed in the context of histories of migration, histories of alienation, the subordination that resonates for these groups, and the way in which these groups have been stigmatised and continue to be stigmatised in society today. There are many competing discourses and perspectives on what constitutes mental illness. Bracken and Thomas (2005)argue that our knowledge of mental illness and distress is indeterminate and new ways of thinking about mental illness are constantly emerging. Coppock and Hopton (2000)suggest that there is ample evidence to show that mental illness is affected by social and political circumstances. Mental illness can be deeply dehumanising and alienating. It is generally regarded with anxiety and fear and loads to rejection and exclusion. A report by the Social Exclusion Unit (2004) found that people with mental health problems are among the most disadvantaged and socially excluded groups in society. The stereotype of big and dangerous has been fixed in the popular case of Christopher Clunis- a back man who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, who randomly killed a stranger to him, Jonathan Zito, in a London underground in 1992. Keating et .al (2002) have demonstrated that such stereotypical views of black people, racism, cultural ignorance, stigma and anxiety associated with mental illness often combine to influence the way in which mental health services assess and respond to the needs of BME communities. There are at least three factors that underpin black peoples experiences of the mental health system: one, how black people are treated in society; two, how people with mental health problems are treated in society and three, the power of institutions to control and coerce people with mental health problems. Black peoples experiences in society have an impact on their mental and emotional well- being; these experiences in turn influence how they experience and perceive mental he alth services, and their position in society affects how they are treated in mental health services. Eradicating the disparities in mental health treatment and outcomes for a black people requires change in individual practices, but this can only be successful if supported by changes at the organisational level. Efforts to improve mental and emotional well- being for BME communities should be anchored in an understanding of history, broader societal conditions and contexts, and black peoples lived experiences: not just their experiences of racism, but also how they have survived in the face of multiple adversities. McKenzie (2002) has argued that the lack of definition of mental health from a British African Caribbean perspective and the use of diagnostic criteria based on white European norms rather than on the values and experience of the African- Caribbean population is problematic. Further evidence Hunt (2003), Keating, Robertson and Kotecha (2003) and McKenzie (2002) suggests that people from BME communities experience a number of social and environmental risk factors which adversely affect their mental health. These include high unemployment rates: poor housing, racism, low educational expectations, particularly for African and Caribbean boys (Grater London Authority/ London Health Observatory 2002); isolation; and a lack of access to opportunities for personal development. A report by the black mental health charity Footprints (UK) (2003), which works primarily with African Caribbean service users, has identified continuing issues of concern about care and treatmet as: the need for better assessment to promote more culturally acceptable interventions, concerns about medication, including high dosages and polypharmacy, resulting in numerous adverse side- effects and negative staff attitudes. Keating et al. (2003) have highlighted the point that black people see using mental health services as a degrading and alienating experience and that their perception is that service respond to them in ways that mirror some of the controlling and oppressive dimensions of other institutions in their lives, for example exclusion from schools and contact with police and the criminal justice system. The National Service Framework for Mental Health ( NSFMH) is an important driver and ways a key step in actively signalling that health services must ensure that the needs of people from BME communities are incorporated in the planning processes from mental health care. The framework emphasised the need for diverse communities to be consulted about the ongoing effectiveness and suitability of services. The NHS Plan is underpinned by ten core principles that are aimed at ensuring that people who use mental health services are at the centre of determining how services are delivered. The NHS Plan contains an explicit recognition of the diversity that exists within Britain. The recently published strategy on black mental health again underscores the governments commitment to race equality and outlines the underpinning roles of the NSFMH and the NHS Plan in ensuring that its modernisation programme within mental health is delivered. In conclusion the impetus and improvement for mental health service delivery to BME communities can be seen. Many people who use mental health services, however, would argue that what is less tangible is change in hospital wards, day centres, residential homes and engagements with community mental health teams; in essence, at the coal face. There is scope for substantial and sustainable change. It will require a recognition by mental health professionals of the strengths that service users and their families can bring in reshaping service delivery, partner- professionals and, most importantly, agreement by service providers and service users on clear and mutually agreed goals and outcomes about what constitutes improved care and treatment. Efforts to improve mental and emotional well- being for BME communities should be anchored in an understanding of history, broader societal conditions and contexts, and black peoples lived experiences: not just their experiences of racism, but also how they have survived in the face of multiple adversities. Beata Kulinska Student no: 09284805 Word count: 2999 References Pilgrim, D.(2005) Key Concepts in Mental Health. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Scull, A.(1979) Museums of Madness .Harmondsworth: Penguin. Stone, M,( 1985) Shellshock and the psychologists. London: Tavistock. Rogers, A. and Pilgrim, D.(2005) A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness.3rd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Wade, J. (1993) Institutional racism: an analysis of the mental health system. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.63(11): 536-544. Littlewood, M. (1980) Ethnic minorities and psychiatric services. Sociology of Health and Illness.2: 194-201. Sashidharan, S.(1993) Afro- Caribbeans and schizophrenia: the ethnic vulnerability hypothesis re- examined. International Review of Psychiatry. 5: 129- 144. Bracken,P.J., Greenslade, L., Griffen, B., Smyth, M. (1998) Mental health and ethnicity: an Irish dimension. British Journal of Psychiatry. 172: 103-105. Greenslade, L.(1992) White skin, white masks: psychological distress among the Irish in Britain. Leicester: Leicester University Press. White, A. (2002) Social focus in brie: ethnicity. London: Office for National Statistics. Healthcare Commission (2005) Count me in: results of a national census if inpatients in mental health hospitals and facilities in England and Wales. London: Healthcare Commission. Bhui, K., McKenzie, K., Gill, P. (2004) Delivering mental health services for a diverse society. British Medical Journal. 329: 363-364. McKenzie, K.(2002) Understanding racism in mental health. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Trivedi, P. (2002) Racism, social exclusion and mental health: a black service users perspective. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Department of Health (1999) National Service Framework for Mental Health: Modern Standards and Service Models. London: Department of Health. Department of Health (2000) The NHS Plan: A Plan for Investment, a Plan for Reform. London: The Stationery Office. National Institute for Mental Health England (2003) Inside/ Outside: Improving Mental Health Services for Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in England. London: Department of Health.

Impact of Outside Invasion in the Central Andes and Himalayas Essay

Impact of Outside Invasion in the Central Andes and Himalayas In Toward a Cultural Ecology of Mountains: The Central Andes and Himalayas Compared, David Guillet writes to address the nature of cultural adaptations between two mountain populations. His research is spurred by increased recognition that human intervention can cause detrimental resource degeneration in these fragile mountain environments. Guillet attempts to answer two questions; What environmental constraints on material provisioning will a human population encounter in mountains? How does the range of possible responses lead to patterns of social relations? By asking these questions Guillet believes that the production process is the critical link between the culture and the environment. Production is important to the cultural ecology of mountainous regions because; 1.) production decisions are constrained by altitude; 2.) cultural strategies implemented as a result of the mountainous environment are related to production; 3.) comparing production allows for a comparative model of mountain adaptations; and 4.) it shows that individuals and groups are involved in a process of adaptive flexibility that allows human response to the environment (Guillet, 563). In mountain environments, human populations are limited by vertical constraints on production strategies. The interaction between altitude, climate, and soil fertility sets limits on what types of crop can survive. This is evident in the use of animals to plow fields. The yaks of the Himalayas were able to adapt well to the plow, unlike the Andean camelids that lacked the physical strength for plowing. The mountain environment impacts many aspects of life. These regions have a poor... ...ent from degradation. After reading both Himalayan Herders and Toward a Cultural Ecology of Mountains, I have noticed a difference in the impact of outside invasion. For Bishop, the relatively isolated Melemchi village is rapidly changing, in response to global patterns, as a result of outside influences. However, these herders are able to maintain their cultural knowledge and traditions that have shaped their village for centuries. Why is it that Bishop noticed the dramatic influence of outside forces, while Guillet hardly recognizes this as a factor leading to adaptations in mountain populations? Is it because Guillet’s model needed to be broad that he was unable to focus on this influence? Works Cited Guillet, David, 1983. "Toward a Cultural Ecology of Mountains: The Central Andes and the Himalayas Compared," in Current Anthropology, 24(5) 561-574.

Dark and gothic atmosphere Essay

In this essay I will show how Mary Shelley manipulates the reader’s view of the monster throughout her novel â€Å"Frankenstein.† I will show that Shelley creates many different impressions on the reader, through various methods, to change their opinion throughout the book.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Frankenstein† is a romantic gothic horror novel written in 1818 by a young woman named Mary Shelley. It includes the classic gothic themes of romance, horror, religion and good and evil. â€Å"Frankenstein†, however, is centred on a issue still debated today; whether trying to change life is playing God and if it will lead to dire consequences. At the time of writing Mary Shelley was 16, the wife of Percy Shelley and staying in the Swiss Alps with Lord Byron and her husband. One of the more classic methods Shelley uses to manipulate her readers is setting. In chapter 5 the setting gives a dark and gothic atmosphere, which tells the reader that the monster is horrifying and to be feared. â€Å"One in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out.† This quote is giving the reader the idea of isolation; something surreptitious and forbidden. Mary Shelley does this by using a classic gothic horror setting; the night which traditionally implies evil, secrecy and darkness, the bad weather, used to make everything more dank and dismal, and the burnt down candle, a symbol of long hours of frenzied work and manic concentration. This setting also reflects badly on Frankenstein’s character; the middle of a stormy night when most people would be in bed and he is up, furtively completing a long held ambition. The burnt down candle image heightens this idea but also adds the concept that Frankenstein himself may be close to burning out. The candle is used as a metaphor for his own exhaustion. This type of setting shows the reader that Frankenstein is doing something secretly, something offensive to society. This casts a negative shadow on his character. The setting is also used to put a negative slur on the monster and just about everything else in the scene. The setting is used to make everything worse. The strange hour of the night and turbulent weather show the reader that the monster must be weird and unnatural to be kept away from normal people. Overall the main effect of this setting is to make all the ideas Mary Shelley presents to her readers in this chapter seem twisted and dangerous. Another thing which Mary Shelley uses to influence the reader’s opinion of the monster is its appearance. We are introduced to the living monster in chapter 5 and this is where most of the description concerning its â€Å"horrid† appearance is used. The monster is repulsive and gruesome, which is described in horrifying detail, causing the reader to make negative judgements on its character. In describing the monster Shelley also uses the reference of â€Å"Dante†. This comparison introduces a religious element; in playing God, Frankenstein has produced something worse than can be found in Hell. This also reinforces the unnatural image. This is continued with the idea that the monster has not turned out the way Frankenstein expected. â€Å"Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The whole vivid description centres on the unnatural and freakish, especially the way the monster’s innards are described as visible through the monster’s sallow skin. This creates a dramatic image in the readers mind as something human shaped but ultimately wrong, different and scary, more animal than human. The monster is also described as having â€Å"watery eyes† which make us think of illness, or perhaps, in the case of the monster, crying. This idea makes the monster seem all the more wretched and repulsive. Mary Shelley also uses the reaction of Victor Frankenstein to prejudice her readers against the monster in chapter 5. â€Å"†¦the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart.† The inventor turns against his creation immediately after giving it life. He takes no responsibility for the monster’s well being though he is the closest thing to a father the monster could have. He runs from his duty and breaks down, delirious with the shock of losing his dream and realising that he has done an evil deed. This adds to the fear felt by the reader; if even it’s creator cannot stand the monster, how evil would a stranger find it? The way Frankenstein turns against the monster the moment it comes to life signals to the reader that this is the moment when the sin is committed. Giving life is going against God so this is where all the negativity in this chapter, and in most of the book starts. The last influence on our opinion of the monster I will look at in chapter 5 is the monster’s own words and actions. In this chapter they are deliberately given a double meaning; animal, or baby? â€Å"His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks.† This quote shows the monster as incoherent, whether due to a lack of intelligence or experience is unclear at this point. However the monster has, in effect, just been born and the behaviours Shelley describes are very similar to young children not quite in control of their movements, trying to pick up or chew on everything they find. When these movements are applied to the monster Shelley describes they become intimidating and threatening which gives the reader an even worse impression of the monster, when in reality it is just a scared child who has been called into the world and then rejected within minutes. Frankenstein is the first living creature the monster sets eyes on. This means that in its view Frankenstein is its father. This means that the monster reaches out to him for comfort and shelter. â€Å"†¦one hand was stretched out,† This quote shows the monster reaching for Frankenstein. However Shelley deliberately leaves the action open for interpretation as an animal attack to reinforce the overall impression received by the reader in this chapter that the monster is an ugly, evil, dangerous, horrifying animal. There are a lot of contrasts between chapters 5 and 10. The first is the setting which becomes a lot more dangerous and inaccessible in chapter 10. The setting is first portrayed in this chapter as enormous and amazing, as yet untouched by humans. â€Å"Solemn silence of this glorious presence-chamber of imperial nature was broken only by the brawling waves or the fall of some vast fragment.† This quote shows why Frankenstein has come to this place; he wants peace and isolation, and to think about more than just his own personal tragedy. â€Å"They elevated me from all little ness of feeling, and although they did not remove my grief, they subdued and tranquillized it.† The language used to describe the setting is more elaborate in this chapter, which reflects the increased grandeur of the scene. This is done to create a sense of awe from the reader and to show them how isolated the setting is, which affects their perception of the monster when he is introduced to the c hapter.